paper battery

garicchung

一直對環保產品都有興趣,尤其是充電池的發展,paper battery是較新的科技,真是想知道其實際概念,師兄們可以告知嗎?

fat

我不了解paper battery的确切定义，据我所知，软包装的锂离子聚合物电池，是可以做得和纸差不多厚薄，可以象纸一样卷、折的，不知楼主说的是否就是这个？

199003326

Paper battery
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A paper battery is a battery engineered to use a paper-thin sheet of cellulose (which is the major constituent of regular paper, among other things) infused with aligned carbon nanotubes.[1] The nanotubes act as electrodes; allowing the storage devices to conduct electricity. The battery, which functions as both a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor, can provide a long, steady power output comparable to a conventional battery, as well as a supercapacitor’s quick burst of high energy -- and while a conventional battery contains a number of separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient.

Contents [hide]
1 Development
2 Durability
3 Uses
4 See also
5 References


[edit] Development
The creation of this unique nanocomposite paper drew from a diverse pool of disciplines, requiring expertise in materials science, energy storage, and chemistry. In August 2007, a research team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (led by Drs. Robert Linhardt, the Ann and John H. Broadbent Senior Constellation Professor of Biocatalysis and Metabolic Engineering at Rensselaer; Pulickel M. Ajayan, professor of materials science and engineering; and Omkaram Nalamasu, professor of chemistry with a joint appointment in materials science and engineering) developed the paper battery. Senior research specialist Victor Pushparaj, along with postdoctoral research associates Shaijumon M. Manikoth, Ashavani Kumar, and Saravanababu Murugesan, were co-authors and lead researchers of the project. Other co-authors include research associate Lijie Ci and Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center Laboratory Manager Robert Vajtai.

The researchers used ionic liquid, essentially a liquid salt, as the battery’s electrolyte. The use of ionic liquid, which contains no water, means there’s nothing in the batteries to freeze or evaporate. “This lack of water allows the paper energy storage devices to withstand extreme temperatures,” Kumar said. It gives the battery the ability to function in temperatures up to 300 degrees Fahrenheit and down to 100 below zero. The use of ionic liquid also makes the battery extremely biocompatible; the team printed paper batteries without adding any electrolytes, and demonstrated that naturally occurring electrolytes in human sweat, blood, and urine can be used to activate the battery device. According to Pushparaj “It’s a way to power a small device such as a pacemaker without introducing any harsh chemicals – such as the kind that are typically found in batteries — into the body.”

[edit] Durability
The use of carbon nanotubes gives the paper battery extreme flexibility; the sheets can be rolled, twisted, folded, or cut into numerous shapes with no loss of integrity or efficiency, or stacked, like printer paper (or a Voltaic pile), to boost total output. As well, they can be made in a variety of sizes, from postage stamp to broadsheet. “It’s essentially a regular piece of paper, but it’s made in a very intelligent way,” said Linhardt, “We’re not putting pieces together — it’s a single, integrated device,” he said. “The components are molecularly attached to each other: the carbon nanotube print is embedded in the paper, and the electrolyte is soaked into the paper. The end result is a device that looks, feels, and weighs the same as paper.”

[edit] Uses
The paper-like quality of the battery combined with the structure of the nanotubes embedded within gives them their light weight and low cost, making them attractive for portable electronics, aircraft, automobiles, and toys (such as model aircraft), while their ability to use electrolytes in blood make them potentially useful for medical devices such as pacemakers. The medical uses are particularly attractive because they do not contain any toxic materials and can be biodegradable; a major drawback of chemical cells.[2] However, Professor Sperling cautions that commercial applications may be a long way away, because nanotubes are still relatively expensive to fabricate. Currently they are making devices a few inches in size. In order to be commercially viable, they would like to be able to make them newspaper size; a size which, taken all together, would be powerful enough to power a car.[3]

[edit] See also
Power paper
[edit] References
^ "Beyond Batteries: Storing Power in a Sheet of Paper". Eurekalert.org. August 13, 2007. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-08/rpi-bbs080907.php. Retrieved 2008-09-15.  
^ "Beyond Batteries: Storing Power in a Sheet of Paper". RPI. August 13, 2007. http://news.rpi.edu/update.do?artcenterkey=2280. Retrieved 2008-01-15.  
^ "Paper battery offers future power". BBC News. August 14, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6945732.stm. Retrieved 2008-01-15.  
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benq

纸张电池

garicchung

其實紙張電池的應用應該很大.但自07年公開後還未有民用產品.

garicchung

希望能深入了解紙張電池的應用

garicchung

From Science Now
Paper has been getting beat by electronics for years. But it may be about to stage a comeback. Researchers are reporting that they've made batteries and other energy-storage devices by printing layers of carbon nanotube–based ink atop standard photocopy paper. The result is a highly conductive sheet that can carry a charge and be easily incorporated into a flexible battery. Because of paper's low cost, that could help lower the price of batteries used in electric vehicles, wind farms, and other renewable sources.

The idea of using paper to make a lightweight, flexible battery isn't new. Researchers led by Robert Linhardt, a chemist at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, first explored the concept 2 years ago. They cast a thin film of cellulose--the same starting material used to make paper--and laid it over conductive carbon nanotubes. The hope was that the cellulose would serve as a sturdy structural material to hold the other components for making a battery, and it did. But the two layers remained independent and could split apart if flexed.

Yi Cui, a materials scientist at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, had also been exploring using plastics and other types of thin layers as the structural supports for batteries and supercapacitors (which store energy as static charge, unlike batteries that undergo chemical reactions). But the plastic layers also didn't connect well with the conductive nanotubes placed on top. Conventional copy paper has a highly porous structure. So Cui and his colleagues wondered if that could serve as a good support for their nanotubes.

The researchers created an "ink" of carbon nanotubes suspended in water and an organic surfactant. They then heated the paper in an oven to drive off the water. The nanotubes bonded tightly to the paper fibers, creating a highly conductive sheet of paper that functions even when rolled up. The team then used these conductive sheets as components in both lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.

The paper batteries can store up to 7.5 Watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg), the team reported online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. That's not quite up to the level of lead acid batteries, which store roughly 30 Wh/kg. But because the cost of nanotubes is coming down, and because paper is cheap and durable, it could open the door to cheaper batteries for large-scale energy storage.

"It's quite innovative and an important contribution," says Linhardt. The fact that the nanotubes and paper fibers hold tight is critical, he adds, because it now enables engineers to make batteries in almost any shape. Paper's strength could also help battery makers reduce the thickness of the electrodes they use to make batteries, which in many cases are made thick to provide structural support for the batteries. And that reduced amount of electrode material could further reduce the battery's cost.

garicchung

好似好容易，想自己试做个实验，有否知道可处买到carbon nanotube？